Strength training for boxing performance is essential.
Boxing has always underestimated the importance of weight training to improve performance. By training with weights, in a safe and efficient manner, we can increase:
- Maximum strength
- Explosive strength
- Speed
- Endurance
- Agility
- Flexibility
All these characteristics will be used on the frontal, sagittal and transverse plane.
If you are still thinking of Rocky Balboa’s training, you are far from reality.
Besides running and skipping the rope, It is crucial to use weights and resistance training to increase punching power and be quicker on your feet.
Initial assessment of the athlete
You need to know the starting condition of the athlete to measure progress.
You can start doing some test to check their level such as:
- 10-20 yard sprints
- Vertical Jump for explosive strength
- Spider Drill and Agility drills
- Running 300 yards for Speed Endurance
- Pull-Ups and Push-Ups for Upper-Body Strength
- Planks for Core Stability
- And many more
Strength & Conditioning training for Boxing will lead to an increase in all these parameters.
You can further test the athletes through the following exercises:
- Functional Movement Screening ( Gray Cook)
- Janda’s Test ( Janda)
- Structural Balance (C. Poliquin)
The boxer should also be tested in terms of strength, explosive strength and endurance with specific exercises, for instance:
- Squat
- Close Grip Bench Press
- Box Jumps
- Chin Ups
When doing a boxing workout to prepare for competitions it is vital to train many components:
- Maximum Strength
- Speed- Strength
- Strength- Speed
- Starting Strength
- RFD
- Strength Endurance
- Relative Strength
Frank C. Hatfield, Holyfields’c coach, was in 1977 a big supporter of training maximum and explosive strength and plyometrics:
Boxers have different styles that require many different physical qualities. Some trust their maximum strength, others their starting strength and most of them use a combination of these two.
F. Hatfield
Cardio and HIIT
Low-intensity running can cause a decrease of explosive strength and therefore is not ideal.
To improve resistance and to work on aerobic training, the boxer will need to turn to HIIT to see results at a cardiovascular level thus preserving or increasing explosive strength.
Running the traditional 30-60 minutes is not recommended, instead, we suggest sprinting for 10 seconds and resting for 30-40sec, then repeat.
The reason for this is that endurance won’t knock your opponent out, but punching power will, so you need to work on power.
Strength training for Boxing
Strength is the mother of all qualities and highly impacts:
- explosive strength
- endurance
- risk of injury
Boxers will need to maximize maximum strength to increase all other parameters.
Quickness is not the most important quality, strength is.
Although athletes like Mike Tyson didn’t squat in the past, they were strong.
The average athlete will need to train harder and lift at high loads with low reps.
Training maximum strength will lead to improved striking speeds thanks to better use of the central nervous system:
- Better rate coding
- Motor units recruitment
I started lifting weights only in ’95 because my rivals were doing it. Everyone lifted. Everyone had a strength coach who made them do it.
M.Tyson
Explosive power in boxing
When strength training for boxing and trying to increase explosive strength to move more quickly and throw stronger punches, you will need t focus on:
- Strength training
- Olympic lifts
- Dynamic Method
- Ballistic lifts
- Contrast method
- Plyometrics
According to C. Poliquin, the speed of a jab can increase by up to 20%.
To do so, you will need to maximize explosive strength and both high loads at slow speed, and low loads at high speed.
If you don’t believe that maximum strength and muscle mass are fundamental in boxing, you should ask yourself why the athletes are divided into weight categories.
Superheavy weight boxers are more muscular and stronger, and light weights cannot physically compete.
Plyometrics for Boxing
If you are looking for great tools to work on maximum and explosive strength you should look into plyometric exercises such as:
- Depth Jump
- Drop Jump
- Box Jump
- Seated Box Jump
- Lateral Box Jump
- Bounding
- Sprinting
Risk of injury in boxing
Most of the injuries in boxing happen in the ring and involve:
- Neck
- Head
- Shoulders
To avoid such injuries you will need to work on:
- Strength training
- Mobility
- Stability
- Corrective exercises
Core stability in Boxing
The athlete will need to transfer energy from the lower body to the upper body, therefore core stability and motor control are essential as they will allow the boxer to generate maximum speed and power.
Doing hundreds of crunches is not the most effective way to train the core and it can be bad for your spinal cord.
Isometric exercises like planks and side planks are better. You can always find ways to make them harder by increasing load or instability.
Periodization in boxing
A boxer should maintain optimal physical conditions year-round and be able to prepare for a match in 8-12 weeks.
You can divide the macrocycle into 3 phases:
1) GGP (General Physical Preparation)
The goal is to improve body composition, strength and endurance in general.
4 weeks
medium-high reps
2) SPP (Specific Physical Preparation)
The goal is to increase maximum and explosive strength
4 weeks
Higher intensity %
Lower loads
Use methods to increase power
3) Competition
Reduce workload
Sport-specific training to take the athlete to top performance
Last weeks before the match
After the match, it is highly recommended to leave 7-10 days of recovery time before starting a new cycle of training.
Exercises with weights for Boxing
There is a multitude of exercises that can be used, but I will mention the most relevant ones:
- Squat
- Box Jump
- Bulgarian Squat
- Deadlifts
- Romanian deadlift
- Hip Thrust
- Chin Ups
- Military Press
- Olympic Lift
- Floor Press
- Bench Press
- Rowers
- Many more
When performing these exercises, the athlete will need to use the force-velocity curve in its full range to maximize gains in explosive strength.
He will need to work on maximal intent imposed on the load and use ballistic movements.
We will use different weight loads based on the qualities we intend to train:
- Maximum Strength
- Strength- Speed
- Speed- Strength
- Starting Strength
How many days a week should a boxer train?
In the GPP and SPP phase, we recommend 3 or 4 sessions using weights, while in the 4 weeks preceding the match, we would reduce weight training to 2 times a week and do more sport-specific exercises.
Holyfield trained with weights 6 days a week when getting ready for his match against Tyson.
The role of the Punch in Boxing
Strength training for boxing is not only limited to the upper body, even if you are trying to throw stronger punches.
We typically think that to throw stronger punches you need strong arms.
Approximately 40% of the punching power comes for the athlete’s legs, a high percentage from the torso and only a smaller percentage form the arm itself.
Punches are complex and rapid movements that include:
- Extension of the leg
- Torsion of the torso
- Extension of the arm
The better the coordination, quickness and strength, the stronger the punch.
This is why to train for a powerful punch you will need to train legs as well as the upper body.
Strength training for Boxing
Boxing requires lots of physical qualities often in contrast with one another, like endurance and maximum strength.
Increasing max strength at high load and explosive strength at medium-low intensity will improve the athlete’s performance on the ring.
It will also benefit tendons, bones and muscles and help to prevent injuries.
References
- Itamura, K. A. K., Bad, C. E. C. C. A. L. A., Ruz, I. G. O. R. F. C., Omano, F. E. R., Ereira, L. U. A. P., & Ranchini, E. M. F. (2016). Strength and Power Qualities are highly associated with punching impact in Elite amatour boxers. 30(1), 109–116.
- Ruddock, A. D., Wilson, D. C., Thompson, S. W., Hembrough, D., & Winter, E. M. (2016). Strength and Conditioning for Professional Boxing: Recommendations for Physical Preparation. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 38(3), 81–90.
- Tack, C. (2013). Evidence-based guidelines for strength and conditioning in mixed martial arts. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 35(5), 79–92.
- Haff, G. G., & Nimphius, S. (2012). Training principles for power. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 34(6), 2–12.
- Itamura, K. A. K., Bad, C. E. C. C. A. L. A., Ruz, I. G. O. R. F. C., Omano, F. E. R., Ereira, L. U. A. P., & Ranchini, E. M. F. (2016). Strength and Power Qualities are highly associated with punching impact in Elite amatour boxers. 30(1), 109–116.
- Monteiro, L. (2016). Assessment and contributions of grappling and punching forces in combat sports athletes: implications for the development of strength and conditioning. Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas, 11(2s), 14.
- Supertraining (Mel Siff, Yury Verkhoshansky)
- Strength and Conditioning for Combat Sports (Darren Yas Parr)
- Explosive Power and Jumping ability for all Sports (T.Starzynski & H.Sozanski)
Leave a Reply